Oil prices surged 8 per cent on Monday as Israel and US strikes on Iran and retaliation by the Islamic Republic forced shutdowns of oil and gas facilities across the Middle East and disrupted shipping in the crucial Strait of Hormuz.
Brent crude rose 8.7 per cent or $6.36 to trade at $79.23 per barrel, while the US West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude expanded by $7.8 per cent or 5.27 per cent to $72.29 per barrel.
Oil’s surge on the restart of trading after the weekend, however, was smaller than expected. On Sunday, some analysts had predicted oil would open above $90 a barrel and closer to $100.
The widening Iranian conflict is disrupting oil flows to several Asian countries as vessels are bottled up within the Middle East Gulf, and crude and transport costs are rising.
US President Donald Trump signalled the US-Israel military assault could continue for weeks, which could mean a prolonged disruption of traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, through which around 20 per cent of global oil output and a similar share of liquefied natural gas transits via ships from Middle East producers.
On Monday, Saudi Arabia shut its biggest domestic oil refinery after a drone strike. Qatar halted production of liquefied natural gas, and state-owned QatarEnergy was set to declare force majeure on LNG shipments.
The widening Iran conflict also left 150 ships stranded at anchor around the Strait of Hormuz after a seafarer was killed and at least three tankers were damaged.
The disruptions highlight the risks to Asia, the world’s biggest oil-consuming region, which sources 60 per cent of its oil from Middle Eastern producers. For instance, an extended disruption of the Strait would push oil prices higher and could cause supply shortages to China and India, the world’s biggest and third-biggest oil importers, forcing countries to tap stockpiles and reducing refinery operations.
In the view of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other analysts, the oil market is well supplied with additions to supply from producers such as the United States, Guyana and the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and its allies (OPEC+) expected to outpace global demand this year.
Eight members of OPEC+ agreed on Sunday to raise oil output by 206,000 barrels per day in April.